RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is commonly associated with hypertension; the standard oral glucose load is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this research is to show the prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance in hypertensive patients with normal fasting glucose. METHODS: We enrolled 65 hypertensive non diabetic patients with fasting glucose < 100 mg/dL. In all of them a standard glucose load was performed. RESULTS: We found abnormal glucose tolerance in 32 patients (49.2 %), 29 individuals with impaired glucose tolerance, and three of them with a diabetic curve. We did not find any relation between abnormal glucose tolerance with blood pressure; however, we found a significant positive correlation between abnormal glucose tolerance and body mass index > 32.6 (R = 0.59, p < 0.005, OR 4.2). CONCLUSION: Our results shown that abnormal glucose tolerance is common in hypertensive non-diabetic patients, especially in those with increased body mass index, and that fasting glucose is not an accurate screening test for diabetes in those patients.
Introducción: la hipertensión arterial y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 tienden a coexistir en el mismo paciente. La hiperglucemia postprandial de dos horas es un predictor de enfermedad cardiovascular. Nuestro objetivo fue investigar la prevalencia de tolerancia a la glucosa alterada en sujetos hipertensos con glucosa de ayuno normal. Métodos: se incluyeron 65 pacientes hipertensos no diabéticos y con glucosa plasmática de ayuno < 100 mg/dL, en quienes se realizó una prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa. Resultados: encontramos tolerancia a la glucosa alterada en 32 pacientes (49.2 %), 29 en rango de intolerancia a la glucosa y tres casos en rango de diabetes mellitus. No hallamos relación entre glucosa postprandial con cifras de presión arterial ni con la edad, pero sí una correlación significativa entre intolerancia a la glucosa e índice de masa corporal > 32.6 (R = 0.59, p < 0.005, RR 4.2). Conclusión: nuestros resultados muestran que los pacientes hipertensos no diabéticos suelen cursar con tolerancia a la glucosa alterada, particularmente aquellos con índice de masa corporal aumentado, y que la glucosa de ayuno no es suficiente como prueba de monitoreo para diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en ese tipo de pacientes.
Assuntos
Intolerância à Glucose/etiologia , Hipertensão/complicações , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Glicemia/metabolismo , Feminino , Intolerância à Glucose/sangue , Intolerância à Glucose/diagnóstico , Intolerância à Glucose/epidemiologia , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Biopterins have a crucial role in the function of nitric oxide synthase, uncoupling of the enzyme leads to endothelial dysfunction and vascular damage, The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the levels of biopterins with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in hypertensive type-2 diabetic patients. METHODS: We studied 30 hypertensive type-2 diabetic patients and 30 normotensive non-diabetic age-matched subjects, in whom biopterins levels were measured by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Additionally, the CIMT of both the common and internal carotid arteries was measured. The levels of biopterins and CIMT were correlated using the Pearson correlation coefficient test. RESULTS: We did not find a significantly correlation between biopterins levels and CIMT. However, we found a significantly inverse correlation between the BH4/BH2 ratio and the CIMT in patients (r = -0.54, p < 0.01). A multiple regression analysis revealed that the CIMT correlated significantly and independently with the BH4/BH2 ratio. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the BH4/BH2 ratio seems to be a better marker of vascular disease than biopterin levels.
RESUMO
Beyond its metabolic effects, insulin has several actions on the vasculature. Under normal conditions, insulin maintains normal endothelial function, but in the presence of insulin resistance, insulin leads to endothelial dysfunction. Insulin releases nitric oxide, which promotes an antiatherosclerotic, antiinflamatory and vasodilated state. However, in presence of high levels of angiotensin II, insulin activates pathways that lead to atherosclerosis, vasoconstriction and inflammation. We will review the actions of insulin on the vascular system, and its interactions with other vasoactive mediators, such as angiotensin II and endothelin-1.
